Covers environment, transportation, urban and regional planning, economic and social issues with a focus on Finland and Portugal.
Showing posts with label descentralização. Show all posts
Showing posts with label descentralização. Show all posts

Sunday, April 3, 2011

"Regionalização" na RTV [VIDEO]

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Excelente e descontraída entrevista do economista António Almeida Felizes, coordenador do blog Regiões ("Regionalização"), do qual eu faço parte, desde 2007, como editor. A todos aqueles interessados no tema "Regionalização", recomendo vivamente que vejam, com atenção, o video desta entrevista gravada no canal RTV - Regiões TV, no programa "Blogs e Companhia" apresentado por José Ferraz Alves.

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Sunday, October 10, 2010

Alentejo pressiona por Regionalização

Central Fotovoltaica de Serpa(Brinches)  by Mokkikunta
Segundo o jornal Diário de Notícias, os promotores do almoço que juntou ontem actuais e antigos presidentes de câmara do Alentejo defenderam que o avanço da Regionalização poderá impulsionar o desenvolvimento e suprir "alguns problemas" da região, como o despovoamento

Contando com cerca de cem participantes, o almoço decorreu no Monte do Sobral,  freguesia de Alcáçovas, concelho de Viana do Alentejo (Évora), onde, em 1973, 136 oficiais portugueses realizaram uma reunião clandestina que marcou o início do Movimento das Forças Armadas.

O Alentejo é uma região com baixa densidade populacional, ocupando quase 33% da área de Portugal, mas  tendo apenas 5,2% dos seus habitantes. Sendo uma das regiões europeias com maior decréscimo populacional, só será possível inverter o seu declínio económico através de um afluxo de população.

Até agora, o Alentejo não tem cidades com dimensão suficiente para obter economias de escala, em parte devido a um fraco sistema urbano que está bloqueando o seu desenvolvimento. No entanto, Évora, com cerca de 50.000 habitantes, apresenta uma dinâmica muito positiva com algum potencial para inverter esta tendência negativa.

Para um efectivo desenvolvimento regional do Alentejo, é fundamental desenvolver o Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos do Alqueva, em todo seu todo potencial - agro-indústria, agricultura, irrigação, turismo e energias renováveis. Esta poderia ser uma grande oportunidade para desenvolver o potencial do Alentejo na produção de electricidade a partir de fontes renováveis.  A produção será realizada por centrais fotovoltaicas centralizadas, a Central Hidroeléctrica de Alqueva, pequenas centrais hidroelétricas, mini-centrais fotovoltaicas e Microgeração.

"A regionalização poderia ser muito importante para combater a questão da desertificação do Alentejo", afirmou no encontro, Fernando Sousa Caeiros, da comissão organizadora do encontro e antigo presidente da Câmara de Castro Verde (Beja). De realçar que a iniciativa pretendeu ser suprapartidária, tendo o objectivo sido atingido, segundo  Caeiros : "Contámos com a presença de autarcas dos vários partidos." 

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Tuesday, September 21, 2010

Alentejo: Two Portraits


Chronicle - "A Minha Terra Está Triste" - Article published in the "Diario do Alentejo"  in the early 70s, about human desertification.  (via patrimonio89)

   IMG_2586B
 Photovoltaic Power Station in  Amareleja (Moura, Alentejo region, Portugal, 2008)  by  mokkikunta

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Tuesday, July 13, 2010

Uma estratégia pouco artística

Intolerable Beauty: Portraits of American Mass Consumption(2003 - 2005) - Circuit boards #2, New Orleans 2005 by Chris Jordan

A 24 de Março de 2010, o Teatro Fórum de Moura, estrutura artística e cultural alentejana, reagiu à primeira (Jornal Público, 24/3/2010) de uma série de entrevistas da Ministra da Cultura Gabriela Canavilhas, lançando um comunicado intitulado “Cai a Máscara à Ministra Gabriela” . Essa entrevista de Gabriela Canavilhas teve como pretexto a apresentação dum estudo da empresa Augusto Mateus & Associados sobre “O Sector Cultural e Criativo em Portugal” liderado por Augusto Mateus, O documento foi elaborado, na sequência de uma encomenda do Gabinete de Planeamento, Estratégia, Avaliação e Relações Públicas do Ministério da Cultura. 


Contrariamente às ”Grandes recomendações (Cultura e Competitividade)” do estudo,  não nos parece que o ”desafio central para as políticas públicas de dinamização do SCC"( Sector Cultural e Criativo)   se situe mais no ”terreno do contributo da cultura e da criatividade para a renovação e relançamento dos modelos competitivos das empresas” , do que no ”terreno do equilíbrio da cobertura territorial do país em matéria de equipamentos e infra-estruturas de índole cultural”. E quando o documento faz referência a modelos competitivos das ”regiões portuguesas”,  a que regiões se refere? Em Portugal Continental não existem Regiões Administrativas. Portanto, näo vale a pena definir um verdadeiro "desafio central" do SCC português, sem nele incluir e preconizar a ”regionalização ” do país (e do SCC por consequência). 

O que vivemos, actualmente, é uma profunda desigualdade territorial e um enorme desequílibrio entre a área social e a área económica. De facto, o que as grandes corporações sabem fazer é investir milhões de euros em produtos culturais massificadores de fraca qualidade. A função social das artes e da cultura é decisiva para um desenvolvimento sustentável do território. O ”produto cultural” não pode ser encarado como uma mera ”mercadoria” duma economia capitalista. É muito mais do que isso - é um espaço social de trabalhadores com direitos, é um espaço de liberdade de criação e de expressão e  é um espaço onde deve ser garantida a acessibilidade de toda a população aos meios de produção e fruição cultural. 

Sem dúvida que  ao longo das últimas décadas, os trabalhadores das artes e da cultura criaram estruturas, adquiriram meios de produção próprios, desenvolvendo um trabalho de serviço público descentralizado, na sua grande maioria substituindo-se ao Estado na responsabilidade de assegurar uma política cultural em todo o território nacional.

E o que a Gabriela Canavilhas não pode esquecer é aquilo que está previsto no artigo 78 da Constituição da República Portuguesa  (Fruição e criação cultural): 

2. Incumbe ao Estado, em colaboração com todos os agentes culturais: 
a) Incentivar e assegurar o acesso de todos os cidadãos aos meios e instrumentos de acção cultural, bem como corrigir as assimetrias existentes no país em tal domínio; 
b) Apoiar as iniciativas que estimulem a criação individual e colectiva, nas suas múltiplas formas e expressões, e uma maior circulação das obras e dos bens culturais de qualidade; 
c) Promover a salvaguarda e a valorização do património cultural, tornando-o elemento vivificador da identidade cultural comum;  
d) Desenvolver as relações culturais com todos os povos, especialmente os de língua portuguesa, e assegurar a defesa e a promoção da cultura portuguesa no estrangeiro; 
e) Articular a política cultural e as demais políticas sectoriais 

A grave crise da dívida pública do estado português constitui uma oportunidade para a classe social dominante  acelerar o processo de controle social e cultural. A "destruição criativa"  neo-liberal - típica das políticas  que  têm conduzido ao enfraquecimento e colapso das instituições, segurança social, saúde, educação e cultura - não é mais do que a máscara da destruição do nossa rede social e cultural, a nível local . E para essa actuação "sectorial" o governo central parece já ter uma "artista", apoiada numa estratégia pouco artística.

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Tuesday, July 6, 2010

Promover a Coesão, Descentralizar o Estado, Desenvolver as Regiões: Que desafios em Portugal e na Europa?


Como já foi aqui anunciado a Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (CCDR-N) e o Conselho Regional do Norte promovem, a 7 de Julho de 2010, a realização do Seminário Internacional “Promover a Coesão, Descentralizar o Estado, Desenvolver as Regiões: Que desafios em Portugal e na Europa?”, que se realiza na cidade do Porto, com a participação de um reputado conjunto de personalidades e especialistas.

Tendo em conta a temática - uma análise comparativa de diferentes modelos e experiências internacionais, designadamente ao nível do modelo de governação, da distribuição de competências entre diferentes níveis de administração pública e do financiamento - apresento os dois seguintes links:
  1. Excerto dum interessante relatório em inglês, publicado em 2007, Regionalisation in Europe (II. European regionalism, an overview), um documento de trabalho da Assembleia Parlamentar do Conselho da Europa, que descreve a evolução do regionalismo na Europa nos últimos anos e dá uma visão geral da situação nos países europeus regionalizados.
  2. "Finlândia: Municípios e Descentralização" - neste artigo de 2007, são tratadas duma forma genérica e numa perspectiva comparativa, duas formas de descentralização de dois territórios distantes: Finlândia e Portugal. São abordados vários aspectos, tais como: a crise económica finlandesa de 90-93 e as suas causas; a recuperação económica finlandesa e os factores que a potenciaram, bem como a forma como sobreviveram os sistemas de saúde, assistência social e educação; dados históricos acerca da sua democracia parlamentar; a divisão administrativa e política do estado finlandês (e do estado português), com especial destaque para o papel dos municípios finlandeses; a problemática da descentralização/regionalização e comparações com Portugal.

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Tuesday, June 22, 2010

Regionalização: solução política para o problema do transporte público


Uma excelente entrevista do especialista em transportes, Mário Alves, na qual defende que só com a regionalização se resolverá o problema do transporte público em Portugal, devendo o transporte urbano passar para a tutela de autarquias regionais, supramunicipais. De seguida apresento uma síntese da entrevista, focando os pontos que considero mais importantes:
  • MOBILIDADE é um problema político com soluções políticas
  • Falta planeamento estratégico de longo prazo. 
  • Transportes públicos têm de ser apoiados porque trazem grandes benefícios sociais
  • Faltam autarquias REGIONAIS que definam estratégias coerentes de transporte e mobilidade a nível metropolitano (ex: autarquia metropolitana de Madrid).
  • Falta de coragem política para restringir o uso do AUTOMÓVEL.
  • Urgente áreas metropolitanas relançarem o debate da Regionalização.
  • Transporte individual é subsidiado e não paga os custos sociais (congestionamento, poluição atmosférica, acidentes rodoviários, emissões de gases, etc). 
  • Preparar cidades para pessoas com mobilidade reduzida faz com que as cidades fiquem melhores e mais confortáveis. 
  • Nos próximos anos, quase certa a escassez de combustíveis fosseis
  • Cada vez mais caro o uso de veículos tradicionais.

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Monday, June 21, 2010

“Região piloto” para testar Regionalização?


“Região piloto” para testar #regionalização em debate no projecto de revisão constitucional - PUBLICO.PT    http://retwt.me/1NxY9   #Portugal
Mon Jun 21 19:42:14  via TweetMeme

A criação de uma “região piloto” para “experimentar o modelo de regionalização” está em discussão no grupo de trabalho incumbido de preparar a proposta do PSD de revisão da Constituição

Pela actualidade da sua temática poderá ser interessante visitar este link. Neste artigo de 2007 são tratadas duma forma genérica e numa perspectiva comparativa, duas formas de descentralização de dois territórios distantes: Finlândia e Portugal. São abordados vários aspectos, tais como: a crise económica finlandesa de 90-93 e as suas causas; a recuperação económica finlandesa e os factores que a potenciaram, bem como a forma como sobreviveram os sistemas de saúde, assistência social e educação; dados históricos acerca da sua democracia parlamentar; a divisão administrativa e política do estado finlandês (e do estado português), com especial destaque para o papel dos municípios finlandeses; a problemática da descentralização/regionalização e comparações com Portugal. 

Também poderão fazer o "download" do PDF através deste link.

No Facebook participe na sondagem "“Região piloto” para testar regionalização?".

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Thursday, March 4, 2010

Keynes e Krugman num Plano Inclinado



No programa da SIC-Notícias Plano Inclinado, Mário Crespo, João Duque e Henrique Medina Carreira debateram com Rui Moreira a política de Estado para as empresas. 

De registar que, durante este interessante debate, não se ouviu pronunciar  a palavra "descentralização" ou  "regionalização", elementos decisivos para potenciar os factores de competitividade das economias,  para além do indicador de crescimento do PIB.

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Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Municipality of Moura and 3 companies want to invest €40M in new solar thermal power station

The Municipal Council of Moura and three companies, two Portuguese and one German, want to build a solar thermal power plant in that municipality of Alentejo region, a predicted investment of 40 million euros.

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Alentejo is a region with low population density, occupying almost 33% of the area of Portugal and having only 5.2% of its inhabitants. For an effective regional development of Alentejo, it is critical to achieve the Alqueva Multi Purpose Project (Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos do Alqueva) in its whole potential - agro-industry, agriculture, irrigation, tourism and renewable energies. This can be a great opportunity to develop the potential of Alentejo in the production of electricity from renewable sources, with emphasis on solar photovoltaics and now, solar thermal. The production will be carried out by centralized power plants, the Alqueva Hydroelectric Plant, small hydro plants, mini PV power plants and micro-generation.

The functional specialization, as a mechanism for creating competitive territories and stable employment, migth be a solution in the particular case of the Moura city and surrounding territory, by the promotion of a regional cluster in the area of solar power and innovation. In the context of the Regional Development strategy, the Moura Project has two main “tracks”: Moura Solar Factory (MFS), Moura Technological Park and the micro-generation Program. Now, a new track is in its initial development phase - a new solar thermal power plant.

It is worthy of remark that the known 46 MWp (62 MWp in the posterior 2nd phase) single-axis tracking system centralized photovoltaic plant in Moura (Amareleja parish), promoted by the local municipality and Acciona Energia (Spain), is expected to be completed by the end of 2008. This plant will have the highest power so far installed in the world with this technology. The installation of 46 MWp power represents an investment of approximately 250 million euros.

A 7.6 million euros PV panel manufacturing plant (MSF) will provide panels for the second stage of the Amareleja power station construction. The factory, located also in Amareleja (Baldio das Ferrarias), is being constructed by Acciona and became operational in December 2007. Its future production will be targeted at the international market, with a capacity of producing 24 MW of solar panels annually.

Actually, the new project is expected in a memorandum of understanding already signed between the Municipal Council, the German company SKY Energy and the Portuguese TOM, Lda. e Lógica ( this one from the Municipality) , which aims with concerted efforts to create the necessary conditions for building the plant.

The new solar thermal power station, which will have 10 MW of installed capacity, will be installed in an area of about 15 ha. The selection of this area should be completed in January 2009.

By the end of August 2010, it will be defined the financial structure of the plant construction, for later project presentation to the Ministry of Economy.

The construction of the plant, estimated the Mayor José Maria Pós-de-Mina, should start as soon as the relevant permits and allowances are issued and it is guaranteed a tariff that allows the project viability.


Image: Moura (Amareleja) Photovoltaic Power Station / by Luis Alves www.flickr.com/photos/mokkikunta

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Wednesday, October 29, 2008

Korpilahti Municipality (1867-2009)


The struggle against the isolation may have stimulated the strong identification of the Finnish people with their municipality (kunta), although the identification with their nationality (kansalaisuus) be considered generally more important.

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One of the special features of the Nordic countries is their decentralized organization and thus the proximity of the government to the citizens. Indeed, the municipalities are the State, since they collect most of the tax revenues. Traditional institutes of the authoritarian state, such as the army, police and judiciary, are on a more distant level to the normal citizen in his everyday life.

This strong phenomenon of identification seems to be present in the municipality of Korpilahti (Korpilahden kunta). Located in the province of Western Finland and in the region of Central Finland (Keski-Suomi), Korpilahti has a population of approx. 5,000 inhabitants, and additionally approx. 4,500 inhabitants in the summer, when they visit their summer cottages (kesämökki).

Under the developing reform of municipalities, on October 30 2006, a local referendum took place in Korpilahti. It was questioned the merger with other “neighbouring” municipality, the city of Jyväskylä (then, Jyväskylä, with its 83,582 inhabitants, didn’t have common borders with Korpilahti). The result was a “No” victory, with 52.0% (1055) of votes against the merger and 42.1% (1303) in favour.

Later, on November 13 2006, the municipal council of Korpilahti (Korpilahden kunnanvaltuusto), counteracting the non-binding referendum outcome, decided in favour of the merger with the city of Jyväskylä, from January 1 2009 - 17 councillors voted in favour of the union, while 10 were opposed. The municipal government (kunnanhallitus) would have the task of preparing the accession to later approval of the council.

New Jyväskylä

On February 18 2008, the City of Jyväskylä, the rural municipality of Jyväskylä and the municipality of Korpilahti, by their respective municipal councils, decided that New Jyväskylä would be born on January 1 2009. New Jyväskylä will be the seventh Finnish largest municipality with a population of nearly 130,000 inhabitants, about half of the Central Finland region (Keski-Suomen maakunta) population and it represents an urban development pole of the “channel” New Äänekoski (Uusi Äänekoski) - New Jyväskylä (Uusi Jyväskylä) - New Jämsä (Uusi Jämsä).

Hello Finland: Globalization does not require municipal amalgamation

An interesting article of Andrew Sancton, professor of political science specialized in local government at the University of Western Ontario, alerts for the disadvantages of the municipal amalgamation. This perspective can be applied to the Finland “Project to restructure municipalities and services” and very particularly to Korpilahti, with the aggravation of the popular will manifested in local referendum hasn't been respected:

- Indeed, it’s not proved that city-regions with fewer municipal governments representing larger populations are better off those with more governments representing smaller populations.

- Reducing the number of municipalities has nothing to do with reducing the size of government. Reducing the number of local politicians can only have one result: insuring that a higher proportion of local councillors are full-time politicians.

- Gigantic municipal service-providers pose the same problems of gigantic corporations monopolies: higher fares, lower service levels; lack of choice.

- It is consensual that some municipal functions are generally more efficient when they service larger numbers of urban residents ... It makes no sense for each municipality in the same metropolitan area to establish its own separate water-supply system. But this does not mean they all need to merge into one."

Besides the structural solution of municipal amalgamation [1] adopted in this case, there are other types of alternative solutions to territorial fragmentation, which can be divided into two categories: structural solutions, depending either on amalgamations or on intermediate levels of single or multi-purpose authority and cooperative solutions (inter municipal cooperation), leaving basic local authorities with functional responsibilities. A semi-amalgamation model is an avalaible solution as well. It combines small municipalities into larger units for administration and service provision, but leaves some form of representative body in existence in the original settlements. (Davey; Division of reponsibility between levels of power)

In fact, the sizes of local authorities vary enormously, being the optimum size hard to define and almost impossible politically to achieve. [2]

Democracy and Efficiency

In Finland, the municipal reform was subject of intense debate. A large number of small municipalities is seen as undesirable in public service provision and proposals were submitted for mergers imposed by the state. In the past, the ex-Minister for Regional and Municipal Affairs Hannes Manninen committee has proposed a municipal two-tier system, in which municipalities would have different powers. Otherwise, the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities (Kuntaliitto) has supported a system with municipalities having at least 20,000-30,000 inhabitants. (current average is approx. 4,700).

High levels of government efficiency strengthen the democratic legitimacy of governments. But also legitimacy allows greater efficiency. In the process of the municipal amalgamation nowadays taking place in Finland, it would be unthinkable that the final decision of the Finnish state would be contrary to the local popular will democratically expressed in municipalities where mergers had a “negative” referendum, especially since Finland is a signatory of the European Charter of Local Self-Government /Strasbourg, 15.X.1985.

Article 5 – Protection of local authority boundaries
Changes in local authority boundaries shall not be made without prior consultation of the local communities concerned, possibly by means of a referendum where this is permitted by statute.

In addition the Act on Municipal Division, 1 § states:

(...) The municipal division is changed by legislation, or by decision made by the Council of the State or Ministry. (...) Only voluntary changes to municipal division are possible.(...)

But then again the reality overcame the fiction. On 12 June 2008, in Helsinki, the Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto) took the extinction decision of the city of Jyväskylä (Jyväskylän kaupunki), rural Jyväskylä (Jyväskylän maalaiskunta) and Korpilahti (Korpilahden kunta), as well as the creation of the new municipality of Jyväskylä, on the current areas of the abolished authorities.

The Project to Restructure Municipalities and Services (Kunta - ja palvelurakenneuudistus)

Started in 2005, the Project to Restructure Municipalities and Services had the objective of creating a solid financial structure to assure the future organisation and provision of services supplied by the municipalities.

Actually, Finland is in the implementation phase of the reform. In the next year - with municipal elections already realized - many new laws come into force. In previous years other reform phases passed, including the preparation of basic bills on legal reforms. During the period 2010-2011 will occur the execution of the legislation and the follow-up of the reform.

October 26 Municipal Elections

On October 26, more than 10,000 municipal councillors were elected to local councils across Finland - one more decisive step of the municipal reform. The dominant issues of these municipal elections covered the restructuring of the public services of health care, education and child care. However, the electoral outcome is not expected to influence the center-right coalition government (SiniVihreä Koalitio) policy.

The over 60% voter turnout in these local elections might have been caused by the electorate interest in the dozens of municipal mergers that will come into effect from the beginning of 2009. Electors of small merged communities, like Korpilahti, had keen interest to elect their representatives on the new expanded municipal councils.

It is true that Finland's municipal elections, in general, represent well the principles of “grassroots” democracy. But not this time in the case of Jyväskylä October 26 elections - in fact, the new municipality will be founded on a democratic “deficit” from the beginning. And that will be the burden of responsibility of the new Jyväskylä council for the next four years. In reality, as a municipal autonomous institution, Korpilahti lost its self-government by extinction, in exchange for a few representatives on the new council and some promises of investments.

Last Sunday, the traditional competition between the three big Finnish parties had a first-ever national win for the National Coalition Party (Kokoomus), but in New Jyväskylä the Social Democratic Party of Finland (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue) is still the most voted.


Notes:
[1] The amalgamation model means abolishing small municipalities and merging them into new basic units of local government with some minimum population size. This model is often used in Nordic countries, where minimum populations are generally around 5,000 (averages between 10,000-30,000 inhabitants)
[2] Publications in which these arguments have been well discussed:
- The Size of Municipalities, Efficiency and Citizen Participation (Council of Europe, 1995).
- Consolidation or Fragmentation: the Size of Local Governments in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by Pawel Swianiewicz, (LGI/OSI, 2002).

References:
Andrew Sancton, Globalization does not require amalgamation, Institute for Research on Public Policy - Montreal, Quebec.

Davey, Kenneth; Division of reponsibility between levels of power, 2003.

Project to restructure municipalities and services (Kunta- ja palvelurakenneuudistus), Ministry of the Finance, 2007.

Images:

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Saturday, September 6, 2008

Câmara de Évora exige esclarecimentos sobre deslocalização do projecto Skylander para França


É evidente que, em regiões económicamente debilitadas, municípios isolados não possuem a capacidade financeira para realizar projectos de investimento de grande dimensão, sendo obrigados a alienar as suas participações no capital das empresas promotoras. Visto que, nestes casos, a cooperação intermunicipal não tem funcionado, torna-se claro que a implementação da Região administrativa do Alentejo (tal como as outras) poderia constituir um factor de peso para que estes investimentos ficassem, total ou parcialmente, nas mãos da região e do país.

Hoje, foi publicado que Portugal perdera o investimento aeronáutico de 125 milhões de euros previsto para Évora, tendo a Câmara Municipal de Évora exigido esclarecimentos aos promotores do projecto de construção do avião Skylander e à Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal (AICEP) sobre as razões da deslocalização do investimento daquele município para França.

Em comunicado, a autarquia diz ter sido confrontada com notícias veiculadas pela comunicação social, segundo as quais a GECI International, empresa francesa de aeronáutica, declarava que tinha decidido deslocalizar o projecto do Skylander de Évora para França, para a região de Lorraine.

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Thursday, July 24, 2008

Moura Renewable Energies Project


Alentejo is a region with low population density, occupying almost 33% of the area of Portugal and having only 5.2% of its inhabitants. As one of the European regions with greater population decrease, it will only be possible to reverse the economic decline through a population influx.

So far, Alentejo has no cities with sufficient dimension to achieve economies of scale, partly because of a weak urban system, which is blocking its development. However, Évora, with approximately 50,000 inhabitants, presents a very positive dynamic with some potential to reverse this negative trend.

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For an effective regional development of Alentejo, it is critical to achieve the Alqueva Multi Purpose Project (Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos do Alqueva) in its whole potential - agro-industry, agriculture, irrigation, tourism and renewable energies. This can be a great opportunity to develop the potential of Alentejo in the production of electricity from renewable sources, with emphasis on solar photovoltaics. The production will be carried out by centralized PV power plants, the Alqueva Hydroelectric Plant, small hydro plants, mini PV power plants and micro-generation.

The functional specialization, as a mechanism for creating competitive territories and stable employment, migth be a solution in the particular case of the Moura city and the surrounding territory, by the the promotion of a regional cluster in the area of solar PV and innovation.

Economic Viability - Commitments to development between 3 “actors” (central Government, Municipality and the private sector)

The economic viability of the project and the Government decision in terms of energy policy enabled a subsidised tariff, as well the following counterpart for the installation of the power plant:

- Construction of PV module assembly factory

- Establishment of a 3 M € Social Fund , contributed by Acciona and managed by a Commission formed by the CMM, DGEG and Acciona , that will be applied to the development of infrastructures to be owned by the municipality(CMM):

• Construction of a Laboratory of Renewable Energy

• Programme of dissemination and promotion of renewable energies

• Support for Research and Development

• Support for micro-generation

PV module assembly factory (MSF - Moura Fábrica Solar)

A €7.6 million PV panel manufacturing plant (MSF) will provide panels for the second stage of the Amareleja power station construction. The factory, located in Moura municipality (Amareleja parish, Baldio das Ferrarias), is being constructed by Acciona and became operational in December 2007. Its future production will be targeted at the international market, with a capacity of producing 24 MW of solar panels annually.

Economic Viability (because of the large size of the power plant)

Actually, the market for applications to be connected to the grid with significant centralized power installed (> 10 MW), is receiving particular attention from the investors.

Several economical reasons can be referred for this market trend:

- the high global demand has driven a significant increase in the Silicon price, causing an increase in the cost of PV panels and aggravating significantly the cost of the system (including installation) – the centralized facilities can be a solution to minimize these prices.

- centralized power plants allow large-scale orders, achieving significant reductions in the unitary cost of PV panels.

- central facilities allow potentially maximize the productivity of the electrical system by optimizing the exposure of the panels on the ground.

Some data:

Production: 24 MW / year (minimum annual p
roduction capacity)

Investment: 7.65 M €

Start of production: December 2007


Jobs: 115 direct jobs


Minimum Work Period: 10 years

Possibility of doubling the annual production.


Industrial unit of exporting capacity.

Anchor unit of the Technological Park to be installed.

A development strategy

A development strategy has the goal of creation of a cluster in the field of solar energy. To achieve this objective it will be necessary to implement the centralised PV power plant and the PV module assembly factory (previously described), as well the Moura Technological Park (Tecnopólo de Moura), that will be managed by the municipal company “Lógica – Sociedade Gestora do Parque Tecnológico de Moura, E.M.”

Moura Technological Park by Renewable Energy as a progress factor for the Community, Municipality of Moura, C3P & NASA Technical Workshop 2007

Moura Technological Park


( total area ~35 ha)

UP11 – detail plan
PV module assembly factory
Laboratory of Renewable Energy
Research and Development

Installation of new businesses
Sustainable construction: Headquarters Building and Park Housing
New sources of energy

Support for Micro-generation


- Financing and supporting the installation of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal panels in households.

- Encouraging the spread of mini- centrals in institutions. Currently, there are already 3 installations : Professional School of Moura, Secondary School de Moura and BI School of Amareleja.

Despite the PV market trend, small-scale applications, grid connected, have more sustainable future, especially those relating to integration into buildings. Here are some reasons for that:

- Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) materials can play additional functions to the generation of electricity, which should be a critical factor to the solar PV competitiveness, in the absence of government incentives.

- generally, renewable energy sources have low energy density. That require an extensive use of land for the installation of a particular power. Given the current trend of significant increase of the penetration of renewable energies in the energy systems, it is expected fierce competition for land resource. In this sense, the PV energy is in a privileged situation, if the market would be targeted for available buildings areas and other urban structures.

Development of the City and the Region

Sustainable Energy and Buiding - Urban Network for Competitiveness and Innovation, by ECOS Project

Establishment of companies
Local generation of wealth
Economy requalification

Qualified employment creation
Installation of critical R & D capacity

International affirmation of the Moura city

Stimulation of specific segments of tourism
Relationship with other potentials (Alqueva, Termas, Heritage)

Respect and enhancement of high environmental value of the region
A municipality exporter of energy produced from renewable sources

References:

Renewable Energy as a progress factor for the Community, Municipality of Moura, C3P & NASA Technical Workshop 2007

Rodrigues, Maria João; Energia Solar Fotovoltaica, spes.pt - Energias Renováveis

PNPOT, Programa Nacional da Política de Ordenamento do Território,territorioportugal.pt

This article is the part 3 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region”

“Photovoltaic Solar in Portugal” - part 1 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region”
“Moura (Amareleja) Photovoltaic Power Station” - part 2 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region”

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Thursday, July 17, 2008

Moura (Amareleja) Photovoltaic Power Station

Aerial view of Amareleja by amareleja.com.sapo.pt

A 46 MWp (62 MWp in the 2nd phase) single-axis tracking system centralised photovoltaic (PV) plant in the Portuguese region of Alentejo (Moura municipality, Amareleja parish), promoted by the local municipality and Acciona Energia (Spain), is expected to be completed by the end of 2008.

The plant will have the highest power so far installed in the world with this technology. The installation of 46 MWp power represents an investment of approximately 250 million euros.

Read more

Until now there was installed 30.41 MWp - 66% of the total planned capacity. The installation work will continue through the summer and the plant - which already partially injects electricity to the grid with 3.18 MW operational from the end of 2007 - will likely become fully grid connected later this year.

The power plant will generate 90 million KWh a year, equivalent to the consumption of 30, 000 Portuguese homes. It has 2,520 Buskil solar trackers, 141 m2 each one, supporting 262,080 photovoltaic modules.

For the first phase of the solar plant that Acciona Energia is building in Moura, the company signed a contract with the Chinese company Yingli for the supply of PV panels. This agreement takes into account the extension of the supply for a second phase of the plant - 20 MW is planned to begin in 2009 and end in 2010.

Specifications of Moura Photovoltaic Power Station

Moura Photovoltaic Power Station by Renewable Energy as a progress factor for the Community, Municipality of Moura, C3P & NASA Technical Workshop 2007


Area occupied by power station: 130 ha (total area = 250 ha)

Installed rated power: 62 MWp (46 MW- 1st phase / 62 MW - 2st phase)

Annual electricity generation:
90 GWh (equivalent to the consumption of 30, 000 Portuguese homes)

Power transformers: 22

Inverters: 214

CO2 avoided: it will prevent the emission of 86,500 tons per year of CO2 from coal-fired power stations

Investment - ~ 250 million euros

Conclusion -1st phase: 2008; Conclusion -2st phase: 2010

A new land use - the sun as a resource

Aerial view of Amareleja, Google Earth

The total area in the parish of Amareleja, near the border with Spain, comprehends more than 250 hectares of land, the vast majority without any agricultural or forestry aptitude. The occupation of this space for the installation of a power plant represents the allocation of an economic function to a territory that was excluded from the local economy.

Some data:

2,200 KWh/m2
Sum of global annual irradiation, focusing on a photovoltaic module with optimal orientation for midday.

1,650 kWh / KWp
Sum of annual photovoltaic energy generated by 1 KWp with a performance of 0.75

Orography: adequate throughout the mainland and particularly in Alentejo region

Sun exposure: optimal angles - 33 to 34 degrees

Some engineering features

Amareleja power plant by amareleja.com.sapo.pt

The first phase of work will include Acciona’s single-axis Buskil trackers fitted with modules and also modules on fixed steel structures. The produced electricity will be transformed to 60 kV for evacuation to the grid at Alqueva. The project includes a control centre of the power plant, which will have an area for educational visits related to renewable energies.

Solar Trackers:

807 / 1713 = 2520 units (total 1st phase)
2520 solar trackers Buskil ( Acciona Solar technology) on 141 m2 (13 m length and 10.8 m high)

Reserved area of 848 m2 per structure

Oriented at the 45 ° fixed inclination and capable of 240 º East-West rotation movement following the sun across the sky.

Movements determined by coordinates previously entered

Modules:

104 polycrystalline silicon modules in each solar tracker (total = 262,080 PV modules)

48 cells (in serie) / each module;

Voltage: 23V at the point of maximum power / 29 V open circuit;

Electric current I: 7.4 A in the point of max. power / 8.1 A in short-circuit;

170 and 180 Wp capacity

Polycrystalline silicon modules, which consist of multicristaline silicon cells covered by an antireflective layer

Lifetime: more than 25 years

Project financing

In September 2006, the Spanish company Acciona, leader in the renewable energies sector, has acquired all the stocks of the owner of the installation rights (Amper-Central Solar SA) after a long process of consultation and negotiation with several companies and entities. Earlier, the Municipality of Moura had 88% of the capital, Renatura 10% and Comoiprel the remaining 2%. According to the President of the Municipal Chamber of Moura, it was essential to find a partner with the financial capacity to develop the project.

At the time, the municipality stated that the aim of the contract was the acquisition of the entire social capital of Amper, allowing the construction of the Central Solar of Moura with the initial installation (up to 2008) of 40 to 45 MWp and with the possibility of installation (until 2010) for more than 20 MWp. It also enabled the installation of a PV module assembly factory in Moura, as well a Fund of three million euros for the development of research projects related to renewable energies.

Indeed, single municipalities usually don't have sufficient financial capacity to realize big local projects like this one. To achieve this investment, the municipality had to sell its capital shares. As intermunicipal cooperation hasn’t worked in these cases, we may wonder whether the implementation of the administrative region of Alentejo might be a strong factor for maintaining environmental investments, partially or totally, in the hands of the region. The challenge will be to maximize the benefits (social-economical-environmental) of local populations, not the profits of global corporations .

In the next article we will describe the Moura Project on other main “tracks”: Moura Solar Factory (MFS), Moura Technological Park and the Micro-generation program - in the context of the Regional Development strategy.

References:


Notas de prensa, www.acciona-energia.com

Publicações do MEI - Livros de Energia, Ministério da Economia e da Inovação


This article is the part 2 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region” “Photovoltaic Solar in Portugal” - part 1 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region”

Published on www.newropeans-magazine.org

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Sunday, July 13, 2008

É urgente regionalizar o Alentejo?

Solar power plant (Serpa, Portugal), commons.wikimedia.org

Portugal é um dos países europeus com os mais elevados níveis de radiação solar (especialmente a região do Alentejo), beneficiando de excelentes condições para a conversão fotovoltaica. Com o objectivo de reduzir as importações energéticas através da substituição por fontes de energias renováveis locais e reduzir as emissões de gases efeito estufa, o actual governo português reviu os objectivos definidos em 2003: aumentar a meta de 2010 para produção de energia baseada em energias renováveis, de 39% para 45% do consumo total de electricidade.

Continue a ler
Os investimentos na área dos sistemas fotovoltaicos podem criar empresas de produção, engenharia, instalação e manutenção, gerando emprego qualificado, especialmente a nível local.

Para garantir os objectivos fixados em relação ao solar fotovoltaico, será necessário garantir a construção da maior Central Eléctrica Fotovoltaica do mundo, no município de Moura e garantir ligação aos objectivos da micro-geração. A Central Fotovoltaica de Moura representa cerca de 30% dos objectivos da energia fotovoltaica em Portugal (meta nacional de 150 MW).

O Alentejo é um território com muito baixa densidade populacional, ocupando quase 33% da superfície de Portugal e tendo apenas 5,2% dos seus habitantes. Sendo uma das regiões europeias onde se verifica maior decréscimo populacional, só será possível inverter o declínio económico através dum afluxo populacional .

O Alentejo não possui cidades com dimensão suficiente para obter economias de escala, em parte, devido a um sistema urbano fraco e bloqueador do seu desenvolvimento regional. No entanto, Évora, com aproximadamente 50 000 habitantes apresenta uma dinâmica bastante positiva, com algum potencial para inverter esta tendência .

Para um efectivo desenvolvimento territorial alentejano, torna-se crucial a realização do Empreendimento de Fins Múltiplos do Alqueva em todos os seus potenciais - agro-indústria, agricultura de regadio, turismo e energias renováveis. Surge assim uma grande oportunidade para aproveitamento das potencialidades do Alentejo no campo produção de energia eléctrica a partir de fontes renováveis, com destaque para a solar fotovoltaica. Tal produção será realizada por centrais solares fotovoltaicas centralizadas, pela Central Hidroeléctrica de Alqueva, por centrais mini-hídricas, mini-centrais fotovoltaicas e pela produção e venda de energia por particulares.

É neste contexto que poderão acompanhar através do seguinte link uma série de artigos focados na energia solar fotovoltaica em Portugal, em especial no Alentejo (Photovoltaic Solar in Portugal - part 1 of the article: “Alentejo: Solar Region”) [Em inglês]

No entanto, coloca-se uma questão: para projectos de investimento de maior dimensão, municípios isolados não possuem a capacidade financeira para os realizar, sendo obrigados a alienar as suas participações no capital destas empresas. Visto que, nestes casos, a cooperação intermunicipal não tem funcionado, pode-se questionar se a implementação da Região administrativa do Alentejo não poderia ser um factor de peso para que investimentos de carácter ambiental ficassem, total ou parcialmente, nas mãos da Região (e consequentemente do país).

Tal como o poder económico (traduzido na riqueza produzida) não tem escorrido da classe dominante para a larga maioria da sociedade, também o poder politico não fluirá facilmente do poder centralista para as regiões e municípios. Para que tal seja possível, é importante que as populações se organizem e mobilizem de forma efectiva e participativa, numa base local (quer a nível municipal quer a nível de freguesia) com o objectivo de reivindicar a Regionalização e a ao mesmo tempo defender a sua autonomia local. Num quadro de cooperação com os municípios vizinhos, inclusive os das regiões espanholas.

Nesse sentido proponho a participação na mini-sondagem: É urgente regionalizar o Alentejo? (topo da primeira coluna do site).

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Monday, May 19, 2008

Local actions in global climate change struggle


Video from Odense, Denmark. To guide the cyclists, Odense has developed a 'running light' that makes a green wave.

Local actions in global climate struggle. This is the central theme for the 3rd Nordic Sustainability Conference, “One Small Step”. On 15-17 September 2008, Odense (Denmark's 3rd largest city) hosts the Conference, which aims to gather experience and ideas from the public and the private sectors, researchers, politicians, NGOs and citizens in the Nordic countries with the purpose of launching actions that will prevent the worsening of the climate conditions. Proposed concrete measures can be taken by, for example, local councils and businesses to limit carbon dioxide emissions.

The municipality expects that 600 people will attend the meeting, which will debate the climate and local plans along 5 main tracks distributed along 3 themes: Visions, Options and Actions.
  • transport, mobility and accessibility
  • urban planning and construction
  • consumption
  • biodiversity as a climate regulator
  • energy efficiency and sustainable energy
The practical measures the delegates at the meeting come up with will be collected in a catalogue for the UN major climate summit in Copenhagen in 2009, the COP15. The countries of the world, if all goes according to plan, will adopt a new global climate agreement at the summit in Copenhagen.

The COP15 conference is the fifteenth Conference of the Parties under the United Nations’ Climate Change Convention. The conference will take place from 30 November to 11 December 2009. The overall goal for the COP15 United Nations Climate Change Conference is to establish an ambitious global climate agreement for the period from 2012 when the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires.
"When considering sustainability, the climactic challenges are among the most urgent. It’s not enough that the government has climate policies and enter into international agreements. We must all make an effort – including the municipalities, the citizens and the private sector.", stated Connie Hedegaard, Danish Climate and Energy Minister.
One of the special features of the Nordic countries is their decentralized organization and thus the proximity of the government to the citizens. Indeed, the municipalities are the State, since they collect most of the tax revenues. The traditional institutes of the authoritarian state, like the army, police force and judiciary are on a more distant level to the normal citizen in his everyday life.

Links:
Odense wants to unite the North to benefit the environment odense.dk
Local actions in global climate struggle norden.org

Other related posts:
Al Gore expects global climate agreement next year in Denmark
World's Healthiest Countries (Forbes): Iceland, Sweden and Finland
Al Gore to climate conference in the Faroe Islands

Shall the Nordic Region be a GMO-free zone in the future?
Baltic Sea Almost Ice-Free
Switzerland Tops 2008 Environmental Performance Index
The New Wars of Climate Change

Environmental Sector will create 500 000 jobs in the Nordic countries
Ranking of the Human Development Index: Iceland "best country to live"

Greenpeace: Neste palm-based biodiesel not so green
Fast Transport on Request: new alternative intercity transport
City of the future is for people, not cars
Ranking of the best (and worst) countries to live: Finland is the world's greenest

Hello Finland: Globalization does not require municipal amalgamation

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Monday, March 17, 2008

"Regiões, Sim!" vai realizar sondagem

Segundo o diário "Região Sul", o Movimento Cívico “Regiões, Sim!” pretende realizar uma sondagem a nível nacional sobre a questão da Regionalização. Segundo o diário, para tal, o movimento necessita de verbas, tendo iniciado uma campanha de angariação de fundos que financiará igualmente a campanha nacional de subscrição de assinaturas.

Em Fevereiro último, em Assembleia Geral, o movimento decidiu avançar com a campanha de assinaturas para uma petição a entregar na Assembleia da República, e realizar uma sondagem sobre o tema.

Também segundo o "Região Sul", as duas acções carecem de meios financeiros pelo que o movimento acaba de lançar a campanha de angariação de fundos.

Pode ler o artigo completo através deste link.

Decidimos fazer aqui uma mini-sondagem, acerca da questão da Regionalização. A pergunta colocada é a seguinte:
Concorda com a instituição das regiões administrativas? (segundo o modelo das 5 "regiões-plano")
[Pode votar na coluna do lado esquerdo do blog. Participe!]

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